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Sullen Possum

Site ID: 15Cy193

Camp
Clay
Kentucky Archaeological Survey (from the Collection of the William S. Webb Museum of Anthropology)
Unless specified, we cannot provide site location information.

Summary

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Ancient Native peoples lived at the Sullen Possum site (15Cy193) during the Early Archaic (8000-6000 BC) period. This small hunting campsite, which measures approximately 100 x 165 feet, sits on a narrow ridge in the Daniel Boone National Forest.

Ridge systems in this part of the forest run roughly north-south.  As such, they made good transportation corridors. Ancient Indigenous peoples often stayed at places along these trails, like Sullen Possum, for short periods.  During these stays, they hunted and collected edible plants, including nuts.​

U.S. Forest Service archaeologists recorded Sullen Possum in 1990. Two years later, archaeologists from Gray & Pape Heritage Management returned to the site to carry out more work. Their investigations revealed that Sullen Possum contained significant archaeological deposits. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

Two Early Archaic spearpoints. The one on the left has been heavily resharpened.

Findings

​Archaeologists recovered many diagnostic spearpoints from Sullen Possum. Most were Kirk Corner Notched, Kirk Serrated, and Kirk Stemmed examples. These types of spearpoints date to the Early Archaic period (8000 to 6000 BC).  

In addition to the spearpoints, investigators recovered several scrapers and many small chert flakes, the kind that Native knappers produced during tool resharpening.  This led archaeologists to suggest that Native peoples had camped at Sullen Possum to hunt and prepare hides. Given the quantity of charred nuts recovered, investigators also inferred that Native groups had camped at the site in the fall, when nuts would have been plentiful.

In 7500 BC, deciduous forests covered the hill slopes and ridgetops surrounding Sullen Possum. In many areas, large groves of oaks and chestnuts grew on the ridgetops. In some places, they accounted for 90 percent of the trees.  

Plant and animal resources in the area would have been most abundant in the fall. The concentration of nuts was a strong attraction for animals, such as deer, black bear, turkey, raccoon, and squirrel. Early Archaic groups were attracted to the area for the same reason: nuts were an important source of food for them, too.

Early Archaic spearpoint.

What's Cool?

​Scrapi​​ng Hides

Researc​​hers carried out a special study of several chipped stone tools from Sullen Possum. Using a high-powered microscope, they looked at the edges of each tool to see if they could identify use-wear linked to animal processing.  

Their study revealed that several of the tools had the kinds of use-wear made by cutting relatively hard materials, such as bone or antler. On the cutting edge of one tool, they found a dark brown residue. Archaeologists have yet to identify whether this residue was left on the tool after someone scraped a hide or after someone ​cut a bone.

Scraper with unidentified use-wear residue.

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