Skip to main navigation Skip to main content

Onionville

Site ID: 15He651

Industrial
Henderson
Kentucky Archaeological Survey
Unless specified, we cannot provide site location information.

Summary

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​In 1986 and 1987, archaeologists with Murray State University investigated Onionville, an early twentieth-century mining community in Henderson County.  The mine operated from 1917 until 1937, when the 1937 flood shut it down. Because the mine closed, residents of the​ adjacent community abandonned their town and moved away. Archaeological investigations were carried out because additional surface mining was anticipated in the area, which would have destroyed the site.  

Over several months of research, archaeologists from Murray State University documented a variety of features, including mine shafts, a tipple, and a store. Residences also were documented, including a manager's home and a tent camp. Importantly, two dump sites were found as well. Investigators interviewed former residents about the ​mine and researched historical documents as part of the study. ​​​

Patent medicine bottles.

Findings

​Based on mining company records, it appears that the Onionville miners made better wages than average non-mine workers in Henderson County. This placed the residents who lived in this community in the middle-class.

Sixty miners were employed in 1922. Their houses were simple wooden shotgun houses (a straight line of rooms, one behind the other). Each home had its own privy.  The demand for housing was so great, the mining company set up a temporary tent camp community at Onionville.  

Archaeological research indicated that many of the Onionville house sites were too disturbed by previous bulldozing, lumbering, and flooding to warrant further investigation. 

However, the comminity's two dump sites were intact. Excavation units placed in these areas produced a good sample of items the residents would have used in their daily lives. These included ceramics and glass tableware, bottles, toys and clothing parts, and architectural hardware.

Glass vessels were found in higher numbers than ceramic vessels. During the period this community flourished, glass vessels were possibly replacing ceramic ones with respect to food storage and dining. Ceramics from Onionville were mostly moderately priced plain and decal-printed wares. 

Personal objects: left, thimble; right, hair comb.

What's Cool?

A LOVE OF ​​​GLASSW​​​​ARE​

​E​arly twentieth-century Onionville residents could buy many kinds of goods​ through businesses like the mail-order giant Sears, Roebuck and Company. Once the largest U.S. retailer, this company used catalogs to reach rural consumers​ like those who lived at Onionville. T​he nearby Green River, a major transportation corridor, made it easy to ship goods to the community. 

Although the coal miners living at Onionville did not have a lot of money to buy large quantities of goods, archaeological research revealed that ​many families did buy fancy, ornamental glasswares like Princess pattern Depression-era plates. The manufacturing dates for many of these ornamental glass vessels clustered around certain years. This led researchers to suggest that some items may have been wedding gifts or were purchased by couples as they set up housekeeping.

A green Depression-era glass plate (Princess pattern). Researchers found pieces of this type of plate at Onionville.

Related Materials