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McKenzie Cabin

Site ID: 15Jo67

Farmstead
Johnson
Kentucky Archaeological Survey (from the Collection of the William S. Webb Museum of Anthropology, with persmission from the Huntington Corps of Engineers)
Unless specified, we cannot provide site location information.

Summary

​​​​​​​​​​​Five generations of the David McKenzie family made their livelihood by farming along Peter Cave Branch in Johnson County. Their home was a saddlebag log house: two rooms on either side of a double chimney. They likely built the first room about 1860, and the second room and second floor about 1885.  Later shed additions increased the size of the building. The family lived in this house until the 1970s. Oral history suggests that the house was complemented by a smokehouse, corn crib, chicken house, barn or stable, and privy. 

The Program for Cultural Resource Assessment at the University of Kentucky conducted archaeological excavations in the yard surrounding the house in 1993.  This work was done in advance of the house's removal/relocation to the Mountain Homeplace Historic Area near Paintsville by the Huntington District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.  

McKenzie House after it had been moved.

Findings

​Archaeologists investigated the backyard. They excavated shovel probes and units, and removed the topsoil by hand. Almost sixty-four percent of the 738 artifacts they recovered were machine cut- and wire nails, likely from the smokehouse and detached kitchen known to have been located there. Of the remaining artifacts, 163 were fragments of broken ceramic vessels (plates, cups, saucers and crocks). Investigators also found a smoking pipe bowl fragment, a marble, and a mule shoe. The recovery of relatively few artifacts suggests that the McKenzies took pains to keep their backyard clean. 

Investigators found features in the backyard: stains in the ground from yard fence posts and a stone walkway leading to the smokehouse. Stains from posts around the twentieth-century kitchen shed showed that even if the family built this structure on piers, they also used supporting posts. 

A nineteenth-century detached kitchen had been built on piers. Once removed, little was left to find, archaeologically. However, investigators did find and trace a small trench made into the soil where water ran off the roof (which had no gutters). This kind of stain in the soil is commonly called a dripline. It helped investigators mark the kitchen's location: just off the back of the house. Driplines were also found for the front porch roof. 

Mckenzie House before it was moved.

What's Cool?

​Chemicals in the Soil Add to the Story

​Archaeological investigations at the McKenzie Farmstead house lot relied on the usual sources of data to tell the story: artifacts and stains in the soil from features, such as posts or pits dug into the ground.

But another, less visible, source of data - the soil -also was helpful. Investigators took small samples of soil at regular intervals throughout the yard, and then submitted them for chemical analysis. 

Higher readings of soluble salts were found in the smokehouse area. This reflects the meat processing that took place in this area. Higher readings of potassium were found in certain spots in the yard, likely created by dumping ashes. Organic compost dumping at the back of the yard and in a possible garden area was detected by higher levels of phosphates.

 A horse shoe found at the site.

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