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Adams (15Fu4)

Site ID: 15Fu4

Village
Fulton
Kentucky Archaeological Survey (Site photographs From the Collection of the William S. Webb Museum of Anthropology, University of Kentucky)
Unless specified, we cannot provide site location information.

Summary

​​​​​​​​​The Adams site is a thirteenth- to fourteenth-century regional Mississippian center. It consists of several earthen platform mounds, conical earthen burial mounds, and two distinct domestic habitation zones.

Located in a swampy area south of a bend in the Bayou de Chien, two tall burial mounds border the site's entrance-way. A large platform mound, on which the chief's house sat and where his family lived, sits directly south of the entrance-way, on the opposite site of one plaza​. Two small conical burial mounds are located northeast of one of the platform mounds.  

One domestic habitation zone is on the east side the plaza. Another covers an area southwest of the site's large platform mound. Both zones are bordered by small platform mounds.

Archaeologists from the University of Illinois investigated the Adams site in the 1980s. Within the domestic habitation zones, researchers noted that houses were spaced about 80 to 100 feet apart. Residents had rebuilt their houses several times. ​

A map of the Adams site.

Findings

​Like other Mississippian regional centers, shell tempered Mississippi Plain and Bell Plain jars, bowls, pans, and plates dominated the ceramics from Adams. Comparative research revealed that more decorated jars and bowls came from Adams than from nearby earlier Mississippian sites. But even accounting for these decorated vessels, most jars, bowls, and bottles from Adams had plain exteriors.

Many of the decorations on Adams vessels were incised or engraved geometric designs that included line-filled triangles (see below). On other vessels, Native potters also used a decorative technique called negative painting. 

​On vessels decorated using this resist method, the background is rendered dark so that the contrasting lighter, unpainted natural color of the clay appears as the design. To do this, ancient Indigenous potters coated the intended design areas with a resistant substance (for example bear grease or plant resins) before applying a slip to the remainder of the vessel. During the firing process, only the resistant material burned away. What remained was the artist's intended design in the original clay color.

Other ceramic items from the site were earspools and pins. Nonceramic artifacts included recycled chipped stone hoe fragments; triangular chipped stone arrowheads and drills; sandstone abraders; and bone awls.

Adams site residents hunted white-tailed deer, raccoons, and wild turkeys. They got turtles and fish from nearby swamps and rivers. They also gathered wild plant foods, such as persimmons, hickory nuts, and plants that produced starchy or oily seeds. But residents mostly ate the plants they grew: corn, squash, sunflower, and goosefoot.  Since Adams was situated within a swampy area, the center's agricultural fields would have been located at some distance from the community.

A negative painted vessel fragment with a portion of a sun symbol.

What's Cool?

​Defendable Locality

This 20-acre Mississippian regional center is located on a flat terrace remanant, bordered on all sides by a 7-to-9-foot dropoff.  The site is surrounded by a cypress swamp.  A bend in the Bayou de Chien demarcates the site's northern edge.​   

An archaeological survey of the swamp surrounding the Adams site did not identify any nearby contemporary Indigenous settlements. Did the residents select this location because it was easy to defend? Or perhaps the chief's clan controlled access to this regional center and determined who could take part in important religious ceremonies there.  ​

An interior-engraved, well-fired shallow bowl with outslanting sides.

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